The Effects of Female and Independent Board Member Ratios On Firms’ ESG Performance: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul
Özet
The aim of this study is to examine the impact of female and independent board members on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in non-financial firms listed on Borsa Istanbul. The analysis employs the two-step system GMM using data from 94 firms over the 2008–2024 period. The findings show that female and independent board members have a positive and statistically significant effect on governance performance, while female representation has a limited positive impact on overall ESG performance. Furthermore, results based on critical mass theory suggest that the effect of…
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